Life Cycle Assessment in Retail Packaging

  The common assertion is that 80-90% of products fail is an “urban legend.”  The empirical literature does not support this popular belief.   No matter how many times it is asserted or how many people believe it, the idea that 80% of products fail is as common as it is wrong.  The actual product failure rate is around 40%.   The development of new products in American can be described by two different approaches:   The operations approach. The operations approach is based on internal controls and an internal perspective. Some of these approaches are based on the methods of Lean Manufacturing where the emphasis is on core team design; project planning, specifications, prototyping, performance control and things that can be managed inside the factory.   The marketing approach. The marketing approach is focused more on the external influences of new product development such as customer needs, the market, competition,...